The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using portulaca oleracea as a source of plant antioxidants for feeding fattening male lambs, on carcass traits, meat quality, and oxidative stability. Twenty-one male lambs with an average weight of 24±1.5 kg and 150±15 days old were fed with one of the experimental rations included a diet without portulaca oleracea as control, a diet containing 7.5%, and a diet containing 15% portulaca oleracea, for 84 days. The muscle (Longissimus dorsi) samplewas used to determine pH, CHEMICAL composition, colorimetric properties, and oxidative stability of meat. Meat lipid oxidation was determined after 1, 7, and 30 days of refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The use of portulaca oleracea in diets improved meat color CHARACTERISTICS such as L, chroma, and Hue. The highest ash concentration and the lowest meat moisture were observed in the treatment of 15% portulaca oleracea (P<0.05). Meat pH was the lowest in the first hour after slaughter but did not differ at 24 h. Compared to the control, in both treatment groups feeding the lambs with portulaca significantly reduced the concentration of Malondialdehyde in the meat of the lambs and increased the meat oxidative stability (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding portulaca oleracea by improving properties such as color and increasing the meat oxidative stability improves meat quality, which may have lead to an increase in its nutritional value in terms of human health.

Improving participation in voluntary activities in Iran is important because increasing productivity among young people, given the country's young population, contributes to community sustainability. Therefore, a better understanding of volunteer motivation in Iranian youth is needed. The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) for assessing volunteer motivations has good psychometric properties and is adapted to several languages, but no validated Iranian translation yet exists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric CHARACTERISTICS of voluntary functions inventory in members of Iranian Red Crescent Society. Sample size was 595 members of Youth Organization of Iranian Red Crescent Society from 31 provinces and 175 cities of Iran that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to voluntary functions inventory. Data were collected using a demographic sample and voluntary functions inventory (VFI). Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components method was used for data analysis. The results of the present study showed that the voluntary functions inventory had validity and reliability. Also, the factor structure showed that 29 items and 6 factors well assess people's attitudes to volunteering, and the structure of this inventory was well-fitted and confirmed all goodness of fit models. The present study provides the use of the Iranian translation of the Voluntary Functions Inventory (6 scales and 29 items) to assess volunteer motivation among young Iranian volunteers.

To investigate the response of corn to combined application of CHEMICAL fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant growth promoting, an experiment was conducted in 2017 at Research farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus of Tehran University, Karaj, Iran, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Four nutritional treatments including T1 (Control treatment without applying fertilizer), T2 (Just PGPRs), T3 (Use CHEMICAL fertilizers based on SOIL test) and T4 (T3 + PGPRs) were considered. According to the results, the highest total dry weight (3.9 kg/m2), crop growth rate (79.8 g.m-2.day-1), net assimilation rate (15.3 g.m-2.day-1) and grain yield (18.2 ton.ha-1) were observed in T4 treatment and T2 treatment produced the highest  leaf area index (5.3), leaf area duration (205.2) and specific leaf weight (78.5 g.m-2) . Also, the lowest value of all traits was observed in in T1 (control) treatment. The results showed that the presence of rhizobacteria plant growth promotioninduction in the corn nutrition program increased the growth and growth indices of the plant. Combined application of CHEMICAL fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant growth promoting resulted in the highest growth and final grain yield of corn.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstand both dynamic and static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures and the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated and by using Plaxis 2D software and based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the SOIL surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight and modulus of elasticity was carried out, and the parameters whose changes have the greatest and least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static analysis. Also, outputs of sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the SOIL surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the SOIL surrounding tunnel has the most effect and cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

Evaluating the cutting rate (CR) of stones is important in the cost estimation and the planning of the stone processing plants. This research used regression models to estimate the stones’ CR based on their physico-mechanical CHARACTERISTICS. Stone processing factories in Mahallat City (Markazi province, Iran) were visited, and the CR of diamond circular saws was recorded on six different travertine stones. Next, the stone block samples were collected from the quarries for laboratory tests. Stones’ porosity (n), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and Schmidt hammer hardness (SH) were determined in the laboratory as their physico-mechanical CHARACTERISTICS. Correlation relationships of CR with physico-mechanical CHARACTERISTICS were evaluated using simple and multiple regression analyses, and estimator models were developed. Results showed that multiple regression models are more reliable than simple regression for estimating the stones’ CR. The validity of the developed multiple regression models was verified with the published data of one researcher. The findings indicated that these models are accurate enough for estimating the CR of stones. Consequently, the multiple regression models provide practical advantages for estimating the CR and save time and cost during the planning and design of the stone processing factories.

In this study, CHEMICAL compositions of black seed meals samples were determined. 18 male weaning Zandi lambs with an average body weight of 23.5 ±1.5 kg were used in a completely randomized design in three groups of six in individual pens. Experimental treatments were: 1) control (basal diet with 12% soybean meal and without black seed meal), 2) diet containing 6% soybean meal and 9% black seed meal and 3) diet containing 18% black seed meal and without soybean meal. The concentration of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, NDF, ADF, ADIN, and crude ash of black seed meal samples were 97.53±0.58, 31.26±0.99, 15.16 ± 0.61, 25.95 ± 1.34, 14.2±0.80, 0.69±0.04 and 5.07 ± 0.24, respectively. Replacement of soybean meal with black seed meal in the diet of experimental lambs had no effect on final body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dry matter intake, dressing percentage, tail and total body fat deposition. Albumin and total protein were higher for lambs fed by diet containing 18 % black seed meal compared to other treatments (P <0.05). However, the concentration of blood triglyceride, cholesterol and urea nitrogen were not differed between experimental groups. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fat and protein were not affect by feeding of experimental diets. It seems that black seed meal can be used in the diet of fattening lambs up to 18% without adverse effect on performance and nutrients digestibility of growing lambs.

The aim of the current research was to identify the CHARACTERISTICS of the four elements in order to provide a problem-oriented curriculum model in the elementary school mathematics course. There were 19 participants and the sampling was done purposefully. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The problem-oriented curriculum template was designed using the CHARACTERISTICS of the elements and with the method of qualitative content analysis in the elementary school mathematics course. The identified features were validated by fuzzy Delphi method and Shannon's entropy method was used for data processing. Based on the results of the analysis, 7 main categories including the CHARACTERISTICS of goals at three levels of cognitive, attitudinal, skill, content, evaluation, teaching-learning strategy and 46 sub-categories were identified.                                                                                                                                                                In the fuzzy Delphi section, all features were confirmed by obtaining a de-fuzzified value greater than 0.7. The results of Shannon's entropy determined that the CHARACTERISTICS of starting teaching with a challenging question, creating a suitable educational environment, continuously monitoring the quality of learning strategies and communicating with students' talents have attracted the most attention and obtained the highest ranks and had a higher importance factor than other CHARACTERISTICS

One of the water resources available in arid and semi-arid regions is the saline groundwater and drainage water from upstream farmlands, which should be used in a proper manner. One of the methods of reducing salinity effects of such water resources could be SOIL leaching including proper irrigation management. In this respect, an experiment was conducted on wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) on a clay SOIL in the southeast of Isfahan city. The treatments included three irrigation water salinity levels of 1.7, 9, and 12.5 dS.m-1 (S1, S2 and S3, respectively) and two irrigation water managements: (GU), irrigation with low saline water in early season (germination and establishment stage) and, thereafter, using the abovementioned saline water, and (GQ), irrigation with the three saline water treatments during the whole season. Two leaching treatments including without leaching (LR0) and with leaching (LR1) were also studied. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized block design, arranged as split-split plots with four replications. Salinity of irrigation water increased SOIL profile salinity, especially in the surface SOIL layer. Application of low saline water during germination and establishment (GU) and leaching reduced the SOIL salt contents compared to GQ and LR0 treatment. But, salt accumulation hazard still existed due to high surface evaporation potential and heavy texture of the SOIL, which could threaten the SOIL salt balance sustainability. In general, the irrigation water salinity caused an increase in SOIL salinity, and application of leaching and low saline water at initial stages of crop growth reduced increasing trend of SOIL salinity. Proper irrigation management, i.e. using low salinity irrigation water at the germination and establishment period, was more effective than leaching application.

Molassesa by-product of sugar cane industry is an organic compound containing high amount of carbohydrates with proteins, gum, wax and pectin that in this research the possibility of using cane molasses as amendment for calcareous SOILs has been investigated. The SOIL samples were collected from the 0-30 cm depth of a cane field in Haft tappeh and a region of Lowshan in Khoozestan and Guilan provinces, respectively. Treatments with regards to the SOIL bulk densities and 0-30 cm depth were 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 ton/ha of molasses, 10 ton/ha of molasses with 10 ton/ha of elemental sulfur and 10 ton/ha of molasses with 40 ton/ha of cane bagass. The molasses (mixture with water) was added to 500 gr SOIL in plastic pots. SOIL moisture content was adjusted to near field capacity and changes pH, EC, total nitrogen, organic matter and available phosphorus and potassium were determined at 1, 30 and 60 days. Results indicated that the molasses decreased SOIL pH in all molasses treatments to some extent compare to blank. Elemental sulfur significantly decreased SOIL pH, but bagass no influenced it. Molasses increased EC that this was considerable in 40 ton/ha treatment.Molasses increased total nitrogen, but decreased available phosphorus. Total nitrogen and available phosphorus increased in some treatments and decreased in other treatments during the time incubation. The amount of increase in available potassium was proportional to the amount of molasses used. Elemental S had not considerable effect on total N and available P and K, but the bagass had significant effect on available P and K. Results indicates the molasses can be used as a SOIL amendment in calcareous SOILs. It is suggested that the effect of molasses on plant growth and CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS of calcareous SOILs be studied under greenhouse and field conditions.